{"id":1131,"date":"2023-09-18T09:33:49","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T09:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projects-dev.itforchange.net\/online-violence-gender-and-law-guide\/?page_id=1131"},"modified":"2023-10-30T04:11:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T04:11:26","slug":"bibliography-list","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/projects.itforchange.net\/online-violence-gender-and-law-guide\/bibliography-list\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliography List"},"content":{"rendered":"
Navigate:Online Gender-based Violence Judicial Resource Guide<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBibliography\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Treaties, Conventions, and Declarations<\/h3>\n
\n\t
    \n
  1. American Convention of Human Rights<\/i>, opened for signature 1969 (entered into force 18 July 1969). https:\/\/www.cartercenter.org\/resources\/pdfs\/peace\/democracy\/des\/amer_conv_human_rights.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women<\/i>, opened for signature 1979 (entered into force 3 September 1981).<\/li>\n
  3. European Convention on Human Rights<\/i>, opened for signature 1950 (entered into force 3 September 1953).<\/li>\n
  4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights<\/i>, opened for signature 1966 (entered into force 23 March 1976).<\/li>\n
  5. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime<\/i>, opened for signature 2001 (entered into force 1 July 2004). https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/cybercrime\/the-budapest-convention<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/i> (entered into force 1948).<\/li>\n
  7. Windhoek+30 Declaration. <\/i>(2021). UNESCO and Republic of Nambia. https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/windhoek30declaration_wpfd_2021.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

    Case Laws<\/h3>\n
    \n\t
      \n
    1. \u00a0Ajay v. State of Maharashtra<\/i>, MANU\/MH\/1198\/2018, judgment dated 6 June 2007, Supreme Court of India, at para 10.<\/li>\n
    2. Amish Devgan v. Union of India and Ors. (2020)<\/i>, (2021) 1 SCC 1, judgment dated 7 December 2020, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    3. \u00a0Anand Mohan v. State of Bihar<\/i>, Crl. M. No. 35856 (2020), judgment dated 10 July 2012, Patna High Court.<\/li>\n
    4. Anita Kushwaha and Ors. v. Pushap Sudan and Ors<\/i>. AIR 2016 SC 3506, order dated 19 July 2016, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    5. Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India<\/i>, (2020) WP(C).No.1031 of 2019, judgment dated 10 January 2020, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    6. Anvar P.V.<\/i> v.<\/i> P.K Basheer and Or<\/i>s, (2014) 1 SCC (LS) 108, judgment dated 18 September 2014, Supreme Court of India, at para 16.<\/li>\n
    7. Aparna Bhat v. State of Madhya Pradesh,<\/i> (2021) 4 SCR 479, judgment dated 18 March 2021, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    8. Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v. Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal,<\/i> (2020) 7 SCC 1, judgment dated 14 July 2021, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    9. Global Freedom of Expression. (2020). Bhasin v. Union of India<\/i>. Columbia University. https:\/\/globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu\/cases\/bhasin-v-union-of-india\/<\/a><\/li>\n
    10. Chandrakant S\/o Nathusaheb Witkar v. State of Bombay<\/i> Anticipatory Bail Application No.2004 of 2018, judgment dated 28 September 2018, Bombay High Court.<\/li>\n
    11. \u00a0Elonis v. State<\/i> 135 S. Ct. 2001, 2001 (2015), judgment dated 1 June 2015, Supreme Court of the United States of America.<\/li>\n
    12. \u00a0Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala<\/i>, (2020) WP(C).No.19716 of 2019(L), judgment dated 19 September 2019, Kerala High Court.<\/li>\n
    13. \u00a0G. Logeshwaran v. State<\/i>, Crl.O.P.No.7405 of 2017, judgment dated 6 December 2018, Madras High Court.<\/li>\n
    14. \u00a0Guruvinder Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh<\/i>. and Anr., (2021) SCC OnLine All 748, judgment dated 19 March 2021, Allahabad High Court.<\/li>\n
    15. Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar<\/i>, (1980) 1 SCC 81, judgment dated 9 March 1979, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    16. Imtiyaz Ahmad<\/i> v.<\/i> State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors<\/i>. (2012) 2 SCC 688, judgment dated 2 January 2017, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    17. Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India<\/i>, (1985) 2 S.C.R. 287.<\/li>\n
    18. \u00a0In re: Prajwala<\/i> (2015) SMW (Crl.) No(s).3\/2015, MANU\/SCOR\/45933\/2017, order dated 23 October 2017, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    19. \u00a0Jaya Kodate v. Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University,<\/i> (2014) Writ Petition Nos. 3449, 3450 and 3451 of 2013, judgment dated 13 June 2014, Bombay High Court.<\/li>\n
    20. K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, <\/i>(2017) 10 SCC 1.<\/li>\n
    21. \u00a0Kalandi Charan Lenka<\/i> v. State Of Odisha<\/i>, BLAPL No.7596 of 2016, judgment dated 16 January 2017, Odisha High Court.<\/li>\n
    22. Kalandi Charan Lenka v. State of Orissa<\/i>, BLAPL No.7596 of 2016, judgment dated 16 January 2017, Odisha High Court. \u00a0<\/i><\/li>\n
    23. Kamil Siedczynski v. Union Of India And Another<\/i>, W.P. No.4432(W) of 2020, judgment dated 18 March 2020, Calcutta High Court.<\/li>\n
    24. \u00a0Karan and Others<\/i> v. State of Haryana,<\/i> (2017) CRA-D-653-DB-2017 (O&M), judgment dated 15 April 1947, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    25. \u00a0Lalita Kumari<\/i> v. Government of Uttar Pradesh <\/i>(2014) 2 SCC 1, judgment dated 12 November 2013, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    26. \u00a0Lalit Bhola<\/i> v.<\/i> State Crl.M.C. 5266<\/i>, judgment dated 12 October 2018, Delhi High Court, at para 5.<\/li>\n
    27. \u00a0Lillu and Ors v. State of Haryana,<\/i> (2013) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1226 OF 2011, judgment dated 11 April 2013, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    28. Mallikarjun Kodagali (Dead) represented through Legal Representatives v. State of Karnataka and Ors., <\/i>(2019) 2 SCC 752, judgment dated 12 October 2018, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    29. \u00a0Mohammad Nasar v.<\/i> State of Andhra Pradesh<\/i>, (2020) Crl. P. No.3125, judgment dated 24 August 2020, Andhra Pradesh High Court.<\/li>\n
    30. Mohammed Ajmal Mohammad Amir Kasab and Ors<\/i>. v. State of Maharashtra, <\/i>(2012) 9 SCC 234, judgment dated 29 August 2012, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    31. Mrs. Rehana Begum v. The Inspector Of Police<\/i>, Crl.O.P.No.6642 of 2021, judgment dated 5 August 2021, Madras High Court.<\/li>\n
    32. \u00a0Mrs X<\/i> v.<\/i> Union of India, 2023:DHC:2806, judgment dated 26 April 2023, Delhi High Court.<\/li>\n
    33. Ms. Nimisha Bhagat v. Sneha Mahajan Nee Dogra<\/i> @ Sneeha, (2020) CS No. 20\/2020, judgment dated 13 February 2020, Delhi District Court.<\/li>\n
    34. NALSA v. Union of India, <\/i>(2014) SCC 438, judgment dated 15 April 2014, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    35. P. Saravanakumar v. State Rep<\/i>., (2013) Crl.O.P.No.232 of 2013, order dated 5 August 2013, Madras High Court.<\/li>\n
    36. \u00a0P. Saravanakumar v. State rep. by its Inspector of Police, Cyber Cell, Central Crime Branch, Egmore, Chennai & Another,<\/i> (2019) Crl.O.P.No.232 of 2013, order dated 5 August 2013, Madras High Court.<\/li>\n
    37. Phool Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh<\/i>, (2022) 2 SCC 74, judgment dated 1 September 2021, Supreme Court of India, at para 5.<\/li>\n
    38. Pravasi Bhalai Sangathan v. Union of India (UOI) and Ors,<\/i> (2014), AIR 2014 SC 1591 (2014), judgment dated 12 March 2014, Supreme Court of India.\u00a0<\/i><\/li>\n
    39. Pravasi Bhalai Sangathan v. Union of India (UOI) and Ors<\/i>, (2014) 11 SCC 477.<\/li>\n
    40. Rahul @ Mayank v. State, <\/i>(2019) CRL. A. 587\/2019, judgment dated 18 May 2020, Delhi High Court.<\/li>\n
    41. Rai Sandeep v. State (NCT of Delhi)<\/i>, (2012 ) 8 SCC 21, judgment dated 7 August 2012, Supreme Court of India, at para 22.<\/li>\n
    42. Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd v. Indian Express Newspapers<\/i>, (1988) SCR Supl. (3) 212.<\/li>\n
    43. \u00a0R V. Pan, (2012) ABPC 203, judgment dated 29 June 2001, Supreme Court of Canada.<\/li>\n
    44. Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India v. Cricket Association of Bengal<\/i>, MANU\/SC\/0246\/1995.<\/li>\n
    45. \u00a0Shafhi Mohammed v. State of Himachal Pradesh<\/i> (2018) 2 SCC 801, judgment dated 30 January 2018, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    46. \u00a0Shemeer A. v. State of Kerala<\/i>, Bail Application No. 4800 of 2020, judgment dated 7 August 2020, High Court of Kerala.<\/li>\n
    47. \u00a0Shibani Barik v. State of Odisha<\/i>, (2020) BLAPL NO. 915 of 2020.<\/li>\n
    48. \u00a0Shreya Singhal v. Union of India,<\/i> (2015) AIR 2015 SC 1523, judgment dated 24 March 2015, Supreme Court of India. Silajit Guha v. Sikkim University and Ors,<\/i> WP(C) (2019) No. 30 of 2019, judgment dated 3 July 2021, Sikkim High Court.<\/li>\n
    49. Sneha Kalita v. Union Of India<\/i>, (2017) WP(C).No. 943\/2017, judgment dated 20 November 2017, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    50. Sri Rakesh B. v. State of Karnataka<\/i> Crl. P. No. 2427, judgment dated 22 June 2020, Karnataka High Court.<\/li>\n
    51. State (Cyber Cell) v. Yogisha @ Yogesh Pandurang Prabhu, <\/i>C. C. No. 3700686\/PS\/2009, judgment dated 3 July 2015, Addl Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, 37th Court Esplanade, Mumbai.<\/li>\n
    52. State by Mahadevapura Police Station Bengaluru v. Gowtham Ganesh @ Gowtham,<\/i> (2021) C.C.No.3776\/2019, judgment dated 7 April 2021, Bangalore District Court.<\/li>\n
    53. State by Sampigehalli Police Station, Bengaluru v. Faiz Ahamed<\/i> C.C. No. 5392. (2012.), judgment dated 27 September 2016, Bangalore District Court.<\/li>\n
    54. State of Karnataka v. Sudeep or (Represented By The Learned App)<\/i> v. For The Offences Punishable Under 1 C.C. 5747. (2021).<\/li>\n
    55. State of Punjab v. Gurmeet Singh<\/i> (1996) 2 SCC 384, judgment dated 16 January 1996, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    56. State of Punjab v Major Singh,<\/i> AIR 1967 SC, 6 judgment dated 28 April 1966, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n
    57. \u00a0State of West Bengal v. Animesh Boxi<\/i>, (2017) C.R.M. No. 11806, judgment dated 3 January 2018.<\/li>\n
    58. \u00a0State v. Lalit Kumar<\/i>, SC No. 140\/14, judgment dated 20 June 2014, Uttarakhand High Court.<\/li>\n
    59. State v. Madachirayil Gopinathan Suni, <\/i>(2018) CNR no. DLCT02-000212-2005, judgment dated 31 August 2018, Delhi District Court.<\/li>\n
    60. \u00a0Subhranshu Rout @ Gugul v. State Of Odisha,<\/i> (2020) BLAPL No.4592 OF 2020, judgment dated 23 November 2020, Orissa High Court.<\/li>\n
    61. Tajinder Pal Singh Bagga v<\/i>. State of Karnataka and Ors, (2016),<\/i> MANU\/KA\/1667\/2016, judgment dated 14 July 2016, Karnataka High Court. para 22.<\/li>\n
    62. The Present Petition Has Been ... v. Unknown<\/i> Crl. O.P. No.12604\/2020, judgment dated 27 April 2021, Madras High Court.<\/li>\n
    63. Union of India<\/i> v. Prafulla Kumar Samal<\/i>, (1979) 3 SCC 4, judgment dated 6 November 1978, Supreme Court of India, at para 7.<\/li>\n
    64. Vasant Waman Pradhan v. Dattatraya Vihal Salvi,<\/i> 2004 (1) MhLj 487, judgment dated 12 March 2003, Bombay High Court.<\/li>\n
    65. Vikas Dogra v. State Of Himachal Pradesh, <\/i>(2015) Cr.M.P(M) No. 125 of 2015, judgment dated 5 February 2015, High Court of Himachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n
    66. Vikas Garg and Ors v. State Of Haryana<\/i>, (2016) CWP No. 5910, judgment dated 13 September 2017, Punjab and Haryana High Court.<\/li>\n
    67. Vikram v. State of Madhya Pradesh<\/i> MCRC-23350-2020, judgment dated 30 July 2020, High Court of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\n
    68. Vishaka & Ors. v. State of Rajasthan & Ors <\/i>(1997) (6 SCC 241), judgment dated 13 August 1997.<\/li>\n
    69. \u00a0X v. <\/i>HTTPS:\/\/WWW.YOUTUBE.COM\/WATCH?V=IQ6K5Z3ZYS0<\/i><\/a>, <\/i>CS(OS) 392\/2021, I.As.10543\/2021, 10544\/2021, 10545\/2021 & 10546\/202, order dated 23 August 2021, High Court of Delhi.<\/li>\n
    70. \u00a0\u00a0X v. Union Of India And Ors,<\/i> W.P.(Crl) 1082 (2020) & Crl.M.A. Nos. 9485. (2020) 10986-87. (2020), judgment dated 20 April 2021, Supreme Court of India, at para 8.<\/li>\n
    71. X vs. State of Karnataka<\/i>, Criminal Appeal No. 1981 OF 2022, judgment dated 17 November 2022, Supreme Court of India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

      Journal Articles and Research Papers<\/h3>\n
      \n\t
        \n
      1. Abreu, R.L., & Kenny M.C. (2017). Cyberbullying and LGBTQ Youth: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for Prevention and Intervention. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, <\/i>11, pp. 81-97.<\/li>\n
      2. Agnes, F. (1992). Protecting Women against Violence? Review of a Decade of Legislation. Economic and Political Weekly<\/i>, 27(17), pp. 19-33.<\/li>\n
      3. AISET. (2021). Cyber Violence against Women and Girls (CVAWG), the Algorithms of the Online-Offline Continuum of Gender Discrimination. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.<\/i> https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3953292<\/a><\/li>\n
      4. Ajmani, N. (2011). Rethinking the Rangel Standard in the Age of the Internet. <\/i>Cyberstalking and Free Speech. https:\/\/scholarsbank.uoregon.edu\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/1794\/11760\/Ajmani.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y<\/a><\/li>\n
      5. Aktor, M. (2002). Rules of Untouchability in Ancient and Medieval Law Books: House-Holders, Competence, and Inauspiciousness. International Journal of Hindu Studies,<\/i> 6(3), pp. 243\u2013274.<\/li>\n
      6. Allen, A. L. (1991). How Privacy Got its Gender.<\/i> University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School. https:\/\/scholarship.law.upenn.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2309&context=faculty_scholarship<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      7. Anderson, B., & Wood, M. A. (2021). Doxxing: A Scoping Review and Typology. <\/i>The Emerald International Handbook of Technology-Facilitated Violence and Abuse. https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/978-1-83982-848-520211015\/full\/html<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      8. Bailey, J., Henry, N., & Flynn, A. (2021). Technology-Facilitated Violence and Abuse: International Perspectives and Experiences In The Emerald International Handbook of Technology-Facilitated Violence and Abuse<\/i>, pp. 1-17. Emerald Publishing Limited.<\/li>\n
      9. Banerjee, S., & Ghosh, N. (2018). Introduction. Debating Intersectionalities: Challenges for a Methodological Framework. South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal [Preprint]<\/i>, (19). doi:10.4000\/samaj.4745.<\/li>\n
      10. Bansal, V., et.al. (2023). A Scoping Review of Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Across Asia.<\/i> Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380231154614<\/a> .<\/li>\n
      11. Barak, A. (2005). Sexual Harassment on the Internet. Social Science Computer Review, <\/i>23(1), pp. 77\u201392. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0894439304271540<\/a><\/li>\n
      12. \u00a0Barboni, G., Field, E., Pande, R., Rigol, N., Schaner, S., & Troyer Moore, C. (2018). A Tough Call: Understanding Barriers to and Impacts of Women\u2019s Mobile Phone Adoption in India<\/i>. Harvard Kennedy School Evidence for Policy Design. https:\/\/epod.cid.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-10\/A_Tough_Call.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
      13. \u00a0Barker, K., & Jurasz, O. (2019). Online Misogyny a Challenge for Digital Feminism? Journal of International Affairs, <\/i>72(2), pp. 95-114.<\/li>\n
      14. Basu, T. (2021). The Metaverse has a Groping Problem Already.<\/i> Technology Review. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/12\/16\/1042516\/the-metaverse-has-a-groping-problem\/<\/a>;<\/li>\n
      15. Brophy, J. E. (2010). Developing a Corporeal Cyberfeminism: Beyond Cyberutopia. New Media & Society<\/i>, 12(6), pp. 929\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444809350901<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      16. Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Trolls Just Want to Have Fun. Personality and Individual Differences,<\/i> 67, pp. 97-102.<\/li>\n
      17. Chauhan, S. S. (2021). Cyber Violence against Women and Girls (CVAWG), The Algorithms of the Online-Offline Continuum of Gender Discrimination. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, <\/i>10(2), p. 87. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3953292<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      18. Cole, K. K. (2015). \u201cIt\u2019s Like She's Eager to be Verbally Abused\u201d: Twitter, Trolls, and(En) Gendering Disciplinary Rhetoric. Feminist Media Studies,<\/i> 15(2), pp. 356-358.<\/li>\n
      19. Corbridge, A. (n.d). Responding to Doxxing in Australia: Towards a Right to Informational Self-Determination.<\/i> University of South Australia. https:\/\/ojs.unisa.edu.au\/index.php\/uslr\/article\/download\/1489\/924<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      20. Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, <\/i>1989(1), pp. 139-167.<\/li>\n
      21. \u00a0Cripps, J., & Stermac, L. (2018). Cyber-Sexual Violence and Negative Emotional States among Women in a Canadian University. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, <\/i>12(1), pp. 171-186. https:\/\/www.cybercrimejournal.com\/Cripps&StermacVol12Issue1IJCC2018.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      22. Davis, A.N. (2015). Intersectionality and International Law: Recognizing Complex Identities on the Global Stage. Harvard Human Rights Journal, <\/i>28, pp. 205-242.\u00a0<\/i><\/li>\n
      23. Devika, J., et al. (2019). Walking on Eggshells: A Study on Gender Justice and Women's Struggles in Malayali Cyberspace. <\/i>IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1618\/Kerala-Report_Righting-Gender-Norms.pdf<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i><\/li>\n
      24. Douglas, D.M. (2016). Doxxing: A Conceptual Analysis. Ethics and Informational Technology<\/i>, 18, p. 199. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9406-0.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      25. Dunn, S., & Petricone-Westwood, A. (2018). More than \u2018Revenge Porn\u2019 Civil Remedies for the Non-consensual Distribution of Intimate Images<\/i>. 38th Annual Civil Litigation Conference. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3772050<\/a> .<\/li>\n
      26. Eckert, S., & Metzger-Riftkin, J. (2020). Doxxing, Privacy and Gendered Harassment. <\/i>M&K Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft. https:\/\/www.nomos-elibrary.de\/10.5771\/1615-634X-2020-3-273.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      27. Felmlee, D., Inara Rodis, P., & Zhang, A. (2020). Sexist Slurs: Reinforcing Feminine Stereotypes Online. Sex Roles, <\/i>83, pp. 16\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-019-01095-z<\/a><\/li>\n
      28. Formichella, J.K. (2017). A Reckless Guessing Game: Online Threats against Women in the Aftermath of Elonis v. United States. <\/i>Seton Hall University. https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/151527692.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      29. Galpin, C. (2022). At the Digital Margins? A Theoretical Examination of Social Media Engagement Using Intersectional Feminism. Politics and Governance, <\/i>10(1), pp. 161-171.<\/li>\n
      30. \u00a0Gillespie, A.A. (2008). \u201cUp-Skirts\u2019\u2019 and \u2018\u2018Down-Blouses\u2019\u2019: <\/i>Voyeurism and the Law. Criminal Law Review<\/i>, n\/a, pp. 370-382. https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/9663206.pdf<\/a> .<\/li>\n
      31. Haokip, T. (2021). From \u2018Chinky\u2019 to \u2018Coronavirus\u2019: Racism against Northeast Indians during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Asian Ethnicity<\/i>, 22(2), pp. 353-373.<\/li>\n
      32. Kapur, R., & Cossman, B. (1996). Subversive Sites: Feminist Engagement with Law in India.<\/i> Sage Publications.<\/li>\n
      33. Kimble, M.R. (2016). Online Gendered Harassment and Violence Naming the Harm and Punishing the Behavior.<\/i> University of Michigan. https:\/\/deepblue.lib.umich.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/2027.42\/134723\/madeleik.pdf?sequence=1<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      34. Kurian, A. (2017). Decolonizing the Body: Theoretical Imaginings on the Fourth Wave Feminism in India In Kurian, A. & Jha, S. (Ed.), New Feminisms in South Asia : Disrupting the Discourse through Social Media, Film, and Literature.<\/i> (pp. 15-41). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.<\/li>\n
      35. Lamensch, M. (2022). Women Activists Lead the Struggle against Online Gender-Based Violence Worldwide. <\/i>Centre for International Governance Innovation. https:\/\/www.cigionline.org\/articles\/women-activists-lead-the-struggle-against-online-gender-based-violence-worldwide\/<\/a><\/li>\n
      36. Mantilla, K. (2013). Gendertrolling: Misogyny Adapts to New Media. Feminist studies<\/i>, 39(2), pp. 563-570. https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/831729\/summary<\/a><\/li>\n
      37. Massanari, A. (2015). #Gamergate and TheFappening: How Reddit\u2019s Algorithm, Governance, and Culture Support Toxic Technocultures.<\/i> New Media and Society<\/i>, 19(3). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/283848479_Gamergate_and_The_Fappening_How_Reddit%27s_algorithm_governance_and_culture_support_toxic_technocultures<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      38. Megarry, J. (2014). Online Incivility or Sexual Harassment? Conceptualising Women\u2019s Experiences in the Digital Age. Women\u2019s Studies International Forum<\/i>, 47, pp. 46\u201355. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/264980169_Online_incivility_or_sexual_harassment_Conceptualising_women%27s_experiences_in_the_digital_age<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      39. Megarry, J. (2017). Under the Watchful Eyes of Men: Theorising the Implications of Male Surveillance Practices for Feminist Activism on Social Media. Feminist Media Studies<\/i>, 18<\/i>(2), pp. 1-16.<\/li>\n
      40. Menon, N. (2015). \u201cIs Feminism about \u201cWomen\u201d? A Critical View on Intersectionality from India. Economic and Political Weekly<\/i>, 50(17), pp. 37\u201344.<\/li>\n
      41. Mital, A. (2023). Moderating Bodies: Reproducing Systems of Power through Platform Policies. In Avantika, T., and Amshuman, D. (Eds.), Feminist Perspectives on Social Media Governance. <\/i>(pp. 55). IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/2291\/ITFC_Feminist%20Perspectives%20on%20Social%20Media%20Governance_0.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
      42. Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Privacy as Contextual Integrity. Washington Review<\/i>, 79(1). https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.uw.edu\/wlr\/vol79\/iss1\/10<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      43. Panwar, K., & Sihag, V. K. (2020). Changing forms of Cyber Violence against Women and Girls. The Indian Police Journal<\/i>, 111. p. 116. https:\/\/bprd.nic.in\/WriteReadData\/userfiles\/file\/202104200330035982091ipj1.pdf#page=117<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      44. Parekh, B. (2012). The Content and Context of Hate Speech Rethinking Regulation and Responses.<\/i> Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/content-and-context-of-hate-speech\/is-there-a-case-for-banning-hate-speech\/F4C4B6AA81DFF40234B75D4ED7399A44<\/a><\/li>\n
      45. Rajani, N. (2022). \u201cI Bet You Don\u2019t Get What We Get\u201d: An Intersectional Analysis of Technology-Facilitated Violence Experienced by Racialised Women Anti-Violence Online Activists in Canada. Canadian Journal of Law and Technology,<\/i> 19(2), pp. 217-247. https:\/\/digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1274&context=cjlt<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      46. \u00a0Ruppert, U., Scheiterbauer, T., & Lutz, H. (2020). Feminisms of the Global South: Critical Thinking and Collective Struggles: An Introduction. European Journal of Women\u2019s Studies<\/i>, 27(4), pp. 329\u2013332.<\/li>\n
      47. Salim, M. (2021). How Women from Marginalised Communities Navigate Online Gendered Hate and Violence.<\/i> IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1883\/Mariya-Salim-Rethinking-Legal-Institutional-Approaches-To-Sexist-Hate-Speech-ITfC-IT-for-Change.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      48. Sambashivam, N., et al. (2019). \u201cThey Don\u2019t Leave Us Alone Anywhere We Go\u201d: Gender and Digital Abuse in South Asia,<\/i> pp. 7-8. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3290605.3300232<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      49. Schapiro, Z. (2020). Deepfakes Accountability Act: Overbroad and Ineffective<\/i>. Boston College Intellectual Property and Technology Forum. https:\/\/lira.bc.edu\/work\/ns\/73aa6d56-3d4b-4176-bf20-446281904b04<\/a><\/li>\n
      50. Sen, R. (2014). Mapping Women\u2019s Activism in India: Resistances, Reforms and (Re)-Creation In Leela Fernandes (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Gender in South Asia <\/i>(pp. 380-393). Routledge.<\/li>\n
      51. Spitzberg, B., & Hoobler, G. (2019). Cyberstalking and the Technologies of Interpersonal Terrorism. New Media & Society, <\/i>4(1). https:\/\/lasdisidentes.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/09\/cyberstalking-nms02.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      52. Subramanian, S. (2015). From the Streets to the Web: Looking at Feminist Activism on Social Media. Economic and\u00a0 Political Weekly, <\/i>50(17), pp. 71-78.<\/li>\n
      53. Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Cyber Psychology & Behaviour<\/i>, 7(3). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/8451443_The_Online_Disinhibition_Effect<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      54. Travers, A. (2003). Parallel Subaltern Feminist Counterpublics in Cyberspace. Sociological Perspectives, 46<\/i>(2), pp. 223-37.<\/li>\n
      55. Van der Aa, S. (2017). New Trends in the Criminalization of Stalking in the EU Member States. Eur J Crim Policy Res,<\/i> 24, pp. 315\u2013333. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10610-017-9359-9.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
      56. Varjas, K., Meyers, J., & Kiperman, S. (2013). Technology Hurts? Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth Perspectives of Technology and Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence<\/i>, 12(1), pp. 27-44.<\/li>\n
      57. Vickery, J. (2018). This Isn\u2019t New: Gender, Publics, and the Internet in Vickery, J., Everbach, T. (Ed.). In Mediating Misogyny<\/i>, pp. 31-49. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        EU Documents<\/h3>\n
        \n\t
          \n
        1. Commission Puts Forward a Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for Everyone in the EU<\/i>. (2022). European Commission. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_22_452<\/a><\/li>\n
        2. Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence<\/i> (CETS No. 210). (2014). Council of Europe. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/conventions\/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=210<\/a><\/li>\n
        3. Declaration on European Digital Rights and Principles.<\/i> (2022). European Commission. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2021\/696189\/EPRS_BRI(2021)696189_EN.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
        4. GREVIO General Recommendation No. 1 on the Digital Dimension of Violence against Women, General Recommendation 1.<\/i> (2021). Council of Europe. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/grevio-rec-no-on-digital-violence-against-women\/1680a49147<\/a><\/li>\n
        5. Internet Content and Equality between Men and Women<\/i>. (n.d.). Council of Europe. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/portal\/internet-and-equality<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

          UN Documents<\/h3>\n
          \n\t
            \n
          1. Accelerating Efforts to Eliminate Violence against Women and Girls: Preventing and Responding to Violence against Women and Girls in Digital Contexts: Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council.<\/i> (2018). UN Human Rights Council. https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/1640463?ln=en<\/a><\/li>\n
          2. Declaration on European Digital Rights and Principles. (2022). The EU Digital Decade: A New Set of Digital Targets for 2030<\/i>. European Commission. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2021\/696189\/EPRS_BRI(2021)696189_EN.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
          3. Due Diligence Project. (2016). Eliminating Online VIolence against Women and Engendering Digital Equality<\/i>. OHCHR. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Issues\/Women\/WRGS\/GenderDigital\/DueDiligenceProject.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
          4. Freedom of Opinion and Expression: Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council. <\/i>(2020). United Human Rights Council. https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3877197?ln=en<\/a><\/li>\n
          5. International Mechanisms For Promoting Freedom Of Expression<\/i>.(2002). Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet. https:\/\/www.osce.org\/files\/f\/documents\/8\/f\/39838.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
          6. Internet Rights and Principles Coalition. (2014). The Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet. <\/i>OHCHR. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Issues\/Opinion\/Communications\/InternetPrinciplesAndRightsCoalition.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
          7. OHCHR. (2010). Understanding Women\u2019s Access to Justice: A Briefer on Women\u2019s Access to Justice<\/i>. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/HRBodies\/CEDAW\/AccesstoJustice\/WomensLegalAndHumanRightsBureau.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
          8. OHCHR. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power<\/i>. (1985). Principle 4. General Assembly resolution 40\/34. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/declaration-basic-principles-justice-victims-crime-and-abuse<\/a><\/li>\n
          9. Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council. A\/HRC\/RES\/43\/4. https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G20\/157\/91\/PDF\/G2015791.pdf?OpenElement<\/a><\/li>\n
          10. Sustainable Development Goals. (n.d.). Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls<\/i>. United Nations. https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/gender-equality\/<\/a><\/li>\n
          11. The Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet: Resolution.<\/i> (2021). Human Rights Council. A\/HRC\/RES\/47\/16. https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3937534?ln=en<\/a><\/li>\n
          12. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination aginst Women (CEDAW). (1992). CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. <\/i>https:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/daw\/cedaw\/committee.htm<\/a><\/li>\n
          13. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2018). The Impact of Online Violence on Women Human Rights Defenders and Women\u2019s Organisations.<\/i> OHCHR. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/statements\/2018\/06\/impact-online-violence-women-human-rights-defenders-and-womens-organisations<\/a><\/li>\n
          14. United Nations Development Program. (2004). Access to Justice Practice Note. <\/i>https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/publications\/Justice_PN_En.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
          15. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2019). Obstacles to cybercrime investigations. <\/i>https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/e4j\/zh\/cybercrime\/module-5\/key-issues\/obstacles-to-cybercrime-investigations.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

            Statutes<\/h3>\n
            \n\t
              \n
            1. Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act, 2009. (Philippines).<\/li>\n
            2. Canadian Criminal Code R.S.C., 1985. (Canada).<\/li>\n
            3. Catfishing Liability Act of 2016. (United States).<\/li>\n
            4. Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46). (Canada).<\/li>\n
            5. Criminal Consolidation Act, 1935. (South Australia).<\/li>\n
            6. DEEP FAKES Accountability Act of 2019. (United States).<\/li>\n
            7. Discrimination Act, 2008. (Sweden).<\/li>\n
            8. Indian Penal Code, 1860. (India).<\/li>\n
            9. Indian Penal Code, 1860. (India).<\/li>\n
            10. Information Technology Act, 2000. (India).<\/li>\n
            11. IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code), 2021. (India).<\/li>\n
            12. Online Safety Bill, 2021. (United Kingdom).<\/li>\n
            13. Online Safety Modernization Act of 2017. H.R.3067. (United States).<\/li>\n
            14. Penal Code 1871. (Singapore).<\/li>\n
            15. Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000. (South Africa).<\/li>\n
            16. Proposed Digital India Act<\/i>, 2023. (India).<\/li>\n
            17. Protection from Harassment Act, 1997. (United Kingdom).<\/li>\n
            18. Protection from Harassment Act, 2011. (South Africa).<\/li>\n
            19. Sexual Offences Act, 2003. (United Kingdom).<\/li>\n
            20. Sexual Offences\u00a0 Act, 2009. (Scotland).<\/li>\n
            21. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996<\/li>\n
            22. The 2011 Act On Special Cases Concerning The Punishment Of Sexual Crimes. (South Korea).<\/li>\n
            23. The California Penal Code, 1872. (United States).<\/li>\n
            24. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872. (India).<\/li>\n
            25. The Intimate Images Protection Act, 2016. (Canada).<\/li>\n
            26. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. (India).<\/li>\n
            27. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. (India).<\/li>\n
            28. U.S. Code: Title 18 U.S.C \u00a7 875 (c). (United States).<\/li>\n
            29. Unauthorised Distribution of Intimate Images and Protection Against Cyber-bullying Act, 2017. (India).<\/li>\n
            30. \u00a0Unauthorised Distribution of Intimate Images and Protection against Cyber-Bullying Act, 2017. (India).<\/li>\n
            31. \u00a0Video Voyeurism Prevention Act, 2004. (United States).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

              Books<\/h3>\n
              \n\t
                \n
              1. Clough, J. (2015). Principles of Cybercrime || Voyeurism.<\/i> Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/principles-of-cybercrime\/voyeurism\/BB3053EDC104AD7925A8AD7E0F1D2B89<\/a><\/li>\n
              2. K.N.Chandrasekharan Pillai. (1980). R.V. Kelkar\u2019s Lectures on Criminal Procedure including Probation and Juvenile Justice.<\/i> Eastern Book Company.<\/li>\n
              3. Matsuda, M.J., et al. (eds). (1993). Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment. <\/i>Westview Press. https:\/\/scholarship.law.columbia.edu\/books\/287\/<\/a><\/li>\n
              4. Rabel, C. (1978). Access to Justice Vol 1: A World Survey. <\/i>Giuffre-sijthoff And Noordhoff.<\/li>\n
              5. Satish, M. (2016). Discretion, Discrimination and the Rule of Law: Reforming Rape Sentencing in India<\/i>. Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n
              6. Wright, B., & Wing-Cheong, C. (2016). Codification, Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code: The Legacies and Modern Challenges of Criminal Law Reform.<\/i> Routledge. https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Codification-Macaulay-and-the-Indian-Penal-Code-The-Legacies-and-Modern\/Wright-Chan\/p\/book\/9781138255890<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                Reports<\/h3>\n
                \n\t
                  \n
                1. Devika, J., et al. (2019). Walking on Eggshells: A Study on Gender Justice and Women's Struggles in Malayali Cyberspace.<\/i> IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1618\/Kerala-Report_Righting-Gender-Norms.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                2. Douglas, M. (2016). Doxxing: A Conceptual Analysis. Ethics Inf Technol,<\/i> 18, pp. 199\u2013210. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9406-0.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                3. EuroCentralasian Lesbian Community. (2021). Lesophobia An Intersectional Form of Violence<\/i>. https:\/\/europeanlesbianconference.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lesbophobia-2.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                4. Gurumurthy, A., & Dasarathy, A. (2022). Profitable Provocations. A Study of Abuse and Misogynistic Trolling on Twitter Directed at Indian Women in Public-political Life, <\/i>p.12. IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/2132\/ITfC-Twitter-Report-Profitable-Provocations.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                5. Gurumurthy, A et al. (2019). Born Digital, Born Free?: A Socio-Legal Study on Young Women\u2019s Experiences of Online Violence in South India, <\/i>pp. 23-26. IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1662\/Born-Digital_Born-Free_SynthesisReport.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                6. Law Commission of India. (2017). Hate Speech, <\/i>p.49. Report No.267. https:\/\/www.latestlaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Law-Commission-Report-No.-267-Hate-Speech.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/i><\/li>\n
                7. Malimath, V.S. (Eds). (2003). Report (Volume 1) of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System<\/i>. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. https:\/\/www.mha.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/criminal_justice_system.pdf<\/a> .<\/li>\n
                8. Maple, C. (n.d.). The Impact of Cyberstalking: Review and Analysis of the ECHO Pilot Project<\/i>. National Centre for Cyberstalking Research, UK Government. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/97817\/impact-of-cyberstalking.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                9. National Crime Records Bureau. (2021). Crime in India 2020 - Volume II. <\/i>Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. https:\/\/ncrb.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/CII%202020%20Volume%202.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                10. OHCHR. (2021). Gender Justice and Freedom of Expression - Report of Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Freedom of Opinion and Expression<\/i>. A\/76\/258. United Nations. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/documents\/thematic-reports\/a76258-gender-justice-and-freedom-expression-report-special-rapporteur<\/a><\/li>\n
                11. Posetti, J., Shabbir, N., Maynard, D., Bontcheva, K., & Aboulez, N. (2021). The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence against Women Journalists<\/i>. UNESCO. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000377223\/PDF\/377223eng.pdf.multi<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                12. Raghavan, A. (2021). The Internet-Enabled Assault on Women\u2019s Democratic Rights and Freedoms, <\/i>pp. 9-13. <\/i>IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1738\/The-internet-enabled-assault-on-womens-dem-rights-arti-raghavan-dec-21.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                13. Rajkumar, M., & Sen, S. (2022). The Indian Judiciary's Tryst with Online Gender-Based Violence: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Cases (Draft Report)<\/i>, pp. 87-88. IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/2190\/ITfC-Draft-Case-Law-Research-Report_1.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                14. UN Women. (2020). Online Violence against Women in Asia: A Multicountry Study.<\/i> https:\/\/asiapacific.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Field%20Office%20ESEAsia\/Docs\/Publications\/2020\/12\/ap-ICT-VAWG-report-7Dec20.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                15. US Attorney General. (1999). Report On Cyberstalking: A New Challenge For Law Enforcement And Industry. <\/i>https:\/\/webharvest.gov\/peth04\/20041022072652\/http:\/\/www.usdoj.gov\/criminal\/cybercrime\/cyberstalking.htm<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                  Online Sources<\/h3>\n
                  \n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                  a. Online Publications<\/h3>\n
                  \n\t
                    \n
                  1. IT for Change. (2023). Response from IT for Change to the 'UNESCO Guidance for Regulating Digital Platforms: A Multistakeholder Approach'<\/i>. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/response-from-it-for-change-to-unesco-guidance-for-regulating-digital-platforms-a-multistakeholder<\/a><\/li>\n
                  2. Nappinai, N. S. (2017). Tackling Women's Digital Freedoms and Unfreedoms Online - Through Law & Technology. <\/i>IT for Change. https:\/\/projects.itforchange.net\/e-vaw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/OPinion-piece-II.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                  3. Neris, N., Ruiz, J. P., & Valente, M.G. (2018). Fighting the Dissemination of Non-Consensual Intimate Images: A Comparative Analysis<\/i>. Internet Lab. http:\/\/www.internetlab.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fighting_the_Dissemination_of_Non.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                  4. Raghavan, A. (2021). The Internet-Enabled Assault on Women\u2019s Democratic Rights and Freedoms.<\/i> IT for Change. https:\/\/itforchange.net\/sites\/default\/files\/1738\/The-internet-enabled-assault-on-womens-dem-rights-arti-raghavan-dec-21.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                  5. Sinha, A. (2020). Beyond Public Squares, Dumb Conduits, and Gatekeepers: The Need for a New Legal Metaphor for Social Media<\/i>. IT for Change. https:\/\/projects.itforchange.net\/digital-new-deal\/2020\/11\/01\/beyond-public-squares-dumb-conduits-and-gatekeepers-the-need-for-a-new-legal-metaphor-for-social-media\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                    b. Government Websites<\/h3>\n
                    \n\t
                      \n
                    1. Communication for Governance and Accountability Program. (n.d.). The Public Sphere.<\/i> UK Government Publishing Service. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/57a08b45e5274a27b2000a69\/PubSphereweb.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
                    2. Council of Europe. (n.d). Sex and Gender.<\/i> https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/gender-matters\/sex-and-gender<\/a><\/li>\n
                    3. CPS. (2022). Social Media and other Electronic Communications.<\/i> UK Government. https:\/\/www.cps.gov.uk\/legal-guidance\/social-media-guidelines-prosecuting-cases-involving-communications-sent-social-media<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                      c. Blogs<\/h3>\n
                      \n\t
                        \n
                      1. Sekhri, A. (2020). The Supreme Court, 65-B Certificates, and Electronic Evidence. <\/i>The Proof of Guilt. https:\/\/theproofofguilt.blogspot.com\/2020\/07\/the-supreme-court-65-b-certificates-and.html<\/a><\/li>\n
                      2. Allen, A. (2022). An Intersectional Lens on Online Gender-Based Violence and the Digital Services Act.<\/i> VerfBlog. https:\/\/verfassungsblog.de\/dsa-intersectional\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                      3. Balaji, J., & Dhawan, P. (2021). Intersectionality Matters: The Supreme Court Judgment in Patan Jamal Vali v. State of Andhra Pradesh. <\/i>Centre for Law and Policy Research. https:\/\/clpr.org.in\/blog\/intersectionality-matters-the-supreme-court-judgment-in-patan-jamal-vali-v-state-of-andhra-pradesh\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                      4. Bhandari, V., & Kovacs, A. (2021). What\u2019s Sex Got to Do with It? Mapping the Impact of Questions of Gender and Sexuality on the Evolution of the Digital Rights Landscape in India. <\/i>Internet Democracy Project. https:\/\/internetdemocracy.in\/reports\/whats-sex-got-to-do-with-it-mapping-the-impact-of-questions-of-gender-and-sexuality-on-the-evolution-of-the-digital-rights-landscape-in-india<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      5. de Souza, N. (2020). The Nth Room Case and Modern Slavery in the Digital Space. <\/i>The Interpreter. https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/nth-room-case-and-modern-slavery-digital-space<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      6. Privacy International. (2015). International Women's Day: How Surveillance is Used to Assert Control.<\/i> https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/news-analysis\/1483\/international-womens-day-how-surveillance-used-assert-control<\/a><\/li>\n
                      7. Jens, K. (2015). Looking for Evidence of Gender Inequality in Sexual Harassment on Twitter<\/i>. GenderITOrg. https:\/\/www.genderit.org\/resources\/looking-evidence-<\/a> .<\/li>\n
                      8. Jha, B. (2020). What\u2019s So Private About Online Sexual Harassment?<\/i> Bot Populi. https:\/\/botpopuli.net\/whats-so-private-about-online-sexual-harassment\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                      9. Kovacs, A. (2013). Don\u2019t Let it Stand!\u2019 An Exploratory Study of Women and Verbal Online Abuse in India.<\/i> Internet Democracy Project. https:\/\/internetdemocracy.in\/reports\/women-and-verbal-online-abuse-in-india<\/a><\/li>\n
                      10. Lee, E. (2022). The Nth Rooms and the Ungovernable Digital Bodies<\/i>. Bot Populi. https:\/\/botpopuli.net\/the-nth-rooms-and-the-ungovernable-digital-bodies<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      11. Maddocks, S. (2019). \"Revenge Porn\": 5 Important Reasons Why We Should Not Call it by that Name.<\/i> GenderIT.Org. https:\/\/www.genderit.org\/articles\/5-important-reasons-why-we-should-not-call-it-revenge-porn<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      12. Mehta, A., Sreenivas, A., & Ghosh, S. Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872: Requirements for admissibility of electronic evidence revisited by the Supreme Court<\/i>. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas. https:\/\/corporate.cyrilamarchandblogs.com\/2020\/07\/section-65b-of-the-indian-evidence-act-1872-requirements-for-admissibility-of-electronic-evidence-revisited-by-the-supreme-court\/<\/a> .<\/li>\n
                      13. \u00a0Munusamy, K. (2018). Intersection of Identities: Online Gender and Caste Based Violence.<\/i> InDepth. https:\/\/www.genderit.org\/articles\/intersection-identities-online-gender-and-caste-based-violence<\/a><\/li>\n
                      14. Pasricha, J. (2016). \u201cViolence\u201d Online in India: Cybercrimes against Women and Minorities in India on Social Media<\/i>. Feminism in India. https:\/\/feminisminindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Cyberviolence-Against-Women-in-India_Research-Report_FII.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      15. Salve, P. (2020). What's Slowing Down India's Fast-Track Courts<\/i>. IndiaSpend. https:\/\/www.indiaspend.com\/police-judicial-reforms\/whats-slowing-down-indias-fast-track-courts-700397<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      16. Sarogi, A. (2021). Identity and Evidence- An Intersectional Perspective.<\/i> Supreme Court Observer. https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/journal\/identity-and-evidence-an-intersectional-perspective\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                      17. Sinha, H., Hickok, E., Tiwari, U., & Basu, A. (2018). Cross-Border Data Sharing and India: A study in Processes, Content and Capacity.<\/i> Centre for Internet and Society. https:\/\/cis-india.org\/internet-governance\/blog\/cross-border-data-sharing-and-india-a-study-in-processes-content-and-capacity<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      18. Chakraborty, S. (n.d.). Relevance of Charge Sheet under Code of Criminal Procedure.<\/i> Indian Institute of Legal Studies. https:\/\/www.iilsindia.com\/blogs\/relevance-charge-sheet-code-criminal-procedure\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      19. \u00a0Suryanarayan, D. (2018). How the Judicial System has Failed the Women of India.<\/i> Femina. https:\/\/www.femina.in\/campaigns\/trials-often-prolong-the-trauma-of-rape-survivors-85826.html<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      20. \u00a0Tewari, A. (2017). My Modesty Is Not Outraged, I Am! Patriarchy In The Language Of Law. <\/i>\u00a0Feminism in India. https:\/\/feminisminindia.com\/2017\/08\/28\/modesty-outraged-patriarchy-law\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                      21. WomanStats. (2021). \u201cDoxxing\u201d And Online Threats: Why Women are More Vulnerable to Internet Harassment. <\/i>https:\/\/womanstats.wordpress.com\/2021\/03\/22\/doxxing-and-online-threats-why-women-are-more-vulnerable-to-internet-harassment\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                        d. Other Websites<\/h3>\n
                        \n\t
                          \n
                        1. African Commission on Human and People\u2019s Rights. (n.d.). Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information. <\/i>https:\/\/achpr.au.int\/en\/mechanisms\/special-rapporteur-freedom-expression-and-access-information<\/a><\/li>\n
                        2. UNFPA. (n.d). A New Copyright for the Human Body.<\/i> https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/bodyright<\/a><\/li>\n
                        3. Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2021). Article 10 Protects Your Right to Hold Your Own Opinions<\/i>. https:\/\/www.equalityhumanrights.com\/en\/human-rights-act\/article-10-freedom-expression<\/a><\/li>\n
                        4. Di Meco, L., & Brechenmacher, S. (2020). Tackling Online Abuse and Disinformation Targeting Women in Politics.<\/i> Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2020\/11\/30\/tackling-online-abuse-and-disinformation-targeting-women-in-politics-pub-83331<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                        5. Association for Progressive Communications. (2016). Feminist Principles of the Internet<\/i>.\u00a0 https:\/\/feministinternet.org\/en\/principles<\/a><\/li>\n
                        6. Good, J. J. (n.d.). Benevolent Sexism. <\/i>New York University. https:\/\/pages.nyu.edu\/jackson\/sex.and.gender\/Readings\/AmbivalentSexism-Sage17.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                        7. Neal Davis. (n.d.). Texas Stalking & Cyberstalking Laws, Penalties & Defenses. <\/i>https:\/\/www.nealdavislaw.com\/criminal-defense-guides\/texas-stalking-laws.html<\/a><\/li>\n
                        8. Organization of American States. (n.d.). Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression.<\/i> https:\/\/www.oas.org\/en\/iachr\/expression\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                        9. Sensity. (2010). Deepfake Detection For Forensic Analysis<\/i>. https:\/\/sensity.ai\/blog\/deepfake-detection\/deepfake-detection-forensic-analysis\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                        10. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. (n.d.). Reliving the Past.<\/i> United Nations. https:\/\/www.icty.org\/en\/features\/crimes-sexual-violence\/reliving-past<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                        11. The Rape Abuse and Incest National Network. (n.d.). What to Expect at a Criminal Trial. <\/i>https:\/\/www.rainn.org\/articles\/what-expect-criminal-trial<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                        12. UN Women. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions: Tech-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence<\/i>. https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/faqs\/tech-facilitated-gender-based-violence<\/a><\/li>\n
                        13. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Gender and Health. <\/i>https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/gender-and-health<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                          Public Statements<\/h3>\n
                          \n\t
                            \n
                          1. The Network of Women in Media, India. (2023). NWMI Condemns Targeted Harassment of Dalit Writer and Activist Shalin Maria Lawrence<\/i>. https:\/\/nwmindia.org\/statements\/nwmi-condemns-targeted-harassment-of-dalit-writer-and-activist-shalin-maria-lawrence\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                          2. \u00a0The Network of Women in Media, India. (2021). Stop Online Abuse of Writer-Activist Meena Kandasamy<\/i>. https:\/\/nwmindia.org\/statements\/stop-online-abuse-of-writer-activist-meena-kandasamy\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

                            News Articles<\/h3>\n
                            \n\t
                              \n
                            1. A.K., A. (2017). SC Stays Bail Granted to Former Jindal Students in Rape Case<\/i>. Bar and Bench. https:\/\/www.barandbench.com\/news\/sc-bail-jindal-students-rape<\/a><\/li>\n
                            2. Amnesty International. (2017). Amnesty Reveals Alarming Impact of Online Abuse against Women<\/i>. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/press-release\/2017\/11\/amnesty-reveals-alarming-impact-of-online-abuse-against-women\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            3. Anthonio, F. (2022). Why Internet Shutdowns are Even Worse for Women<\/i>. Access Now. https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/internet-shutdowns-international-womens-day\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            4. Ayubb, R. (2018). I Was The Victim Of A Deepfake Porn Plot Intended To Silence Me. <\/i>Huffington Post. https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/entry\/deepfake-porn_uk_5bf2c126e4b0f32bd58ba316<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            5. Barik, S. (2022). New IT Act Looks to Rein In \u2018Deliberate\u2019 Misinformation. <\/i>Indian Express. https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/technology\/tech-news-technology\/new-it-act-looks-to-rein-in-deliberate-misinformation-8027748\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            6. Barthwal, A., & Shukla, S. (2022). \u2018Bulli Bai\u2019 and the Gendered Layers of the Objectification of Muslim Women.<\/i> Feminism In India. https:\/\/feminisminindia.com\/2022\/01\/24\/bulli-bai-and-the-gendered-layers-of-the-objectification-of-muslim-women\/<\/li>\n
                            7. Bhandara, V. (2017). Raya Sarkar's List of Academic 'Predators' is the Disruptor we Needed in Sexual Harassment Discourse. <\/i>Firstpost.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/india\/raya-sarkars-list-of-academic-predators-is-the-disruptor-we-needed-in-sexual-harassment-discourse-4179573.html<\/a><\/li>\n
                            8. Bhandari, A. (2021). Feminist Perspectives on Space, Safety and Surveillance: Improving a Woman\u2019s Right to the City<\/i>. The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/women\/feminist-perspectives-on-space-safety-and-surveillance-improving-a-womans-right-to-the-city<\/a><\/li>\n
                            9. \u00a0Carey, L. (2022). A Gift and a Curse: Social Media Serves as a Channel for Reproductive Justice Advocacy<\/i>. Daily Northwestern. https:\/\/dailynorthwestern.com\/2022\/05\/13\/city\/a-gift-and-a-curse-social-media-serves-as-channel-for-reproductive-justice-advocacy\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            10. Dubey, B.(2021). Voyeurism in India: How to Combat<\/i>. Live Law. https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/columns\/cyber-voyeurism-information-technologyit-act-indian-penal-codeipc-175031?from-login=720248<\/a> .<\/li>\n
                            11. Health, A.\u00a0 (2021). Meta Opens Up Access to its VR Social Platform Horizon Worlds.<\/i> The Verge. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/12\/9\/22825139\/meta-horizon-worlds-access-open-metaverse<\/a><\/li>\n
                            12. \u00a0J., Sadhana, N. (2020). A Racist India & How its Racism is Different for North-Eastern Women<\/i>. Feminism In India. https:\/\/feminisminindia.com\/2020\/06\/08\/racist-india-racism-different-north-eastern-women\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            13. Johari, A. (2018). How Well do India\u2019s Free Legal Aid Services Work? Not Nearly Well Enough. Scroll.in<\/i>. https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/877225\/how-well-do-indias-free-legal-aid-services-work-not-nearly-well-enou<\/a>gh<\/li>\n
                            14. Kasturi, S. (2022). As Bulli Bai Creators Get Bail, The Risks of Normalising Violence Against Women. <\/i>The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/women\/bulli-bai-app-creators-bail-women-violence-online<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            15. \u00a0Klose, H., & Sarkar, S. (2022). Online Abuse against Women is Rife, but Some Women Suffer More \u2013 And We Need to Step Up for Them. <\/i>The Conversation. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/online-abuse-against-women-is-rife-but-some-women-suffer-more-and-we-need-to-step-up-for-them-183646<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            16. \u00a0Krishnan, K (2015). St Stephen's Sexual Harassment Case Reveals How DU Can Ruin a Student.<\/i> DailyO. https:\/\/www.dailyo.in\/politics\/st-stephens-college-sexual-harassment-phd-student-valson-thampu-4752<\/a><\/li>\n
                            17. Walsh, M.J., & Baker, S.A. (2021). Twitter\u2019s Design Stokes Hostility and Controversy. Here\u2019s Why, and How it might Change<\/i>. The Conversation. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/twitters-design-stokes-hostility-and-controversy-heres-why-and-how-it-might-change-166555<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            18. The Wire Staff. (2018). M.J. Akbar Files for Defamation, Won't Be Intimidated Says Priya Ramani<\/i>. The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/women\/metoo-mj-akbar-priya-ramani-defamation<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            19. Mathi, S. (2022). Data Protection Bill Legitimizes Surveillance, Govt has No Intent of Reforms: Stakeholders<\/i>. Medianama. https:\/\/www.medianama.com\/2022\/12\/223-dpdp-bill-2022-enables-govt-surveillance-discussion\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            20. Menon, V. (n.d.). Revisiting Victim Compensation in India<\/i>. Manupatra. http:\/\/docs.manupatra.in\/newsline\/articles\/Upload\/6F5E12E5-2A56-49A9-BF1B-CBE1DF4F8726.2-F__criminal.pdf<\/li>\n
                            21. Nagaraj, A. (2020). India's Low-Caste Women Raped to Keep them 'in their Place'. <\/i>Reuters.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-india-rape-caste-idUSKBN28509J<\/a><\/li>\n
                            22. Naraharisetty<\/a>, R<\/a>. (2022). How the Law's Fixation on Women's Modesty Upholds Rape Culture. <\/i>The Swaddle. https:\/\/theswaddle.com\/how-the-laws-fixation-on-womens-modesty-upholds-rape-culture<\/a>\/<\/li>\n
                            23. Nelson, A. (Host). (2020). Voices of Resilience: Angellica Aribam on Online Harassment and Racism in times of COVID. <\/i>[Audio Podcast]. Vital Voices Podcast. https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/au\/podcast\/voices-resilience-angellica-aribam-on-online-harassment\/id281078806?i=1000470367155<\/a><\/li>\n
                            24. Nikore, M. (2021). India\u2019s Gendered Digital Divide: How the Absence of Digital Access is Leaving Women Behind<\/i>. ORF. https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/expert-speak\/indias-gendered-digital-divide\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            25. HRW. (2020). No #MeToo for Women Like Us\u201d: Poor Enforcement of India\u2019s Sexual Harassment Law. <\/i>https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2020\/10\/14\/no-metoo-women-us\/poor-enforcement-indias-sexual-harassment-law<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            26. Online Desk. (2023). Women's Group Calls out DMK and BJP Supporters' Harassment of Dalit Activist Shalin Maria Lawrence.<\/i> The New Indian Express. https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/states\/tamil-nadu\/2023\/mar\/14\/womens-groupcalls-out-dmk-and-bjp-supporters-harassment-of-dalit-activist-shalin-maria-lawrence-2555996.html<\/a><\/li>\n
                            27. Poddar, R. (2021). Gender Stereotyping: Paternalism By Courts Erodes Trust in Judicial Institutions.<\/i> The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/law\/gender-stereotyping-paternalism-by-courts-erodes-trust-in-judicial-institutions<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            28. Roy, G. (2015). Padmavati Star Deepika Padukone Trolled for Saying We've 'Regressed'.<\/i> NDTV. https:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/entertainment\/padmavati-star-deepika-padukone-trolled-for-saying-weve-regressed-1775402<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            29. Salim, M. (2022). \u2018Bulli Bai\u2019, 'Sulli Deals': On Being Put Up for \u2018Auction\u2019 as an Indian Muslim Woman.<\/i> The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/communalism\/indian-muslim-woman-auction-bulli-bai<\/a><\/li>\n
                            30. \u00a0Sarkeesian, A. (2017). It\u2019s Frustrating to be Known as the Woman who Survived #Gamergate\u2019.<\/i> The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2017\/oct\/16\/anita-sarkeesian-its-frustrating-to-be-known-as-the-woman-who-survived-gamergate<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            31. Shreya, A. (2018). For Women in the Press Like Rana Ayyub, it\u2019s Scarily Easy for Online Threats to Turn Physical. <\/i>The Print. https:\/\/theprint.in\/opinion\/for-women-in-press-like-rana-ayyub-its-scarily-easy-for-online-threats-to-turn-physical\/54073\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            32. Singh, P. (2021). Inclusion Welcome, But LGBTQIA+ Users\u2019 Online Dating Experiences Marred by Harassment, Transphobia & Privacy Risks. <\/i>Feminism in India. https:\/\/feminisminindia.com\/2021\/04\/14\/dating-apps-harassment-transphobia-privacy-risks\/<\/a><\/li>\n
                            33. Staff. (2017). Man Sacked after Rana Ayyub Posts His Abusive Messages on Twitter<\/i>. The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/rights\/rana-ayyub-bincy-lal-online-abuse-twitter<\/a><\/li>\n
                            34. Staff. (2023). Kerala's First Transgender Bodybuilder Praveen Nath Dies By Suicide.<\/i> OnManorama. https:\/\/www.onmanorama.com\/news\/kerala\/2023\/05\/04\/malayali-transgender-body-builder-praveen-nath-dies.html<\/a><\/li>\n
                            35. The Quint Team. (2017). Hijab-Wearing Kerala Girls Trolled Online for Dancing in Flashmob.<\/i> The Quint. https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/india\/kerala-hijab-wearing-girls-trolled-for-dancing-in-flashmob<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            36. Vishnu, G., & Bhalla, A. (2012). Tehelka Investigation: The Rapes Will Go On. Tehelka<\/i>, 9(15). https:\/\/www.kractivist.org\/shame-india-rape-will-go-on-delhigangrape-vaw-torture\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            37. \u00a0Zubair, M., Sinha, P., & Chaudhari, P. (2021). 'Sulli Deals' and the Elaborate Ploy to Blame Muslim Youth for the Derogatory App. <\/i>The Wire. https:\/\/thewire.in\/communalism\/sulli-deals-and-the-elaborate-ploy-to-blame-muslim-youth-for-the-derogatory-app<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                               <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

                              \n
                              \n\t

                              Sub-sections on this page:<\/strong><\/p>\n